It's not helpful in this particular case, but for later when someone finds this by searching, it might.
The reason it wouldn't work here is that is not clear and would show through the glass.
For other applications though, we have been using some stuff called Boa-Bond. It comes in standard caulking gun sized tubes. This material is very thick/stiff, thus hard to dispense, but it sticks well and very quickly. It's not like superglue or contact cement, but it does hold surprisingly fast.
It's similar to your typical construction adhesive, but holds fast much quicker, doesn't drip or run, and sticks to a greater variety of materials.