Matt,
I use the Standard blade for everything I need to do -- cross-cutting, ripping, veneered plywood, melamine. MDF. I've cut 4/4 ash, oak, padauk, maple, poplar, and probably others I can't recall at the moment, all using the Standard blade. It performs wonderfully in each case. Not only that, but the blade seems to last for a while. I have a Panther blade and it is a great blade, but I can't say it does much more than the Standard blade.
If you're doing something like cutting metal or laminates, then you'll need to move beyond the standard blade.
I think Festool saw blades confuse some people. You see the relatively low price of the blades and assume they must not be very good. However, in my opinion (and I've said this before), Festool saw blades are one of the unspoken heroes of the lineup. For around $30 - $40, you get excellent quality, equal to some blades that cost close to $100. I can't emphasize this strongly enough. Festool could charge three times more for their Strandard blades (I hope Christian's not reading this).
I have not tried the Special blade, Universal blade, or the Fine Tooth blade, so I'll let others comment on those.
Matthew