Tom Gensmer said:
That pencil has been in use for decades in North America, usually by framing carpenters since the thicker graphite will hold up to bigger/longer marks, as compared to a normal #2 pencil. This style is now mimicked by certain models of Pica mechanical pencils, again generally targeted at "first fix" tradespeople.
https://www.pica-marker.com/en/pen/pica-big-dry-longlife-construction-marker
The issue isn't how long the carpenters pencil has been around, but the query if that's what was used by the OP to check the squareness of a square.
When I think marking accuracy a carpenters pencil is the last thing I think of, as given the lead in a carpenters pencil can vary from 1.25-1.5mm thickness generally, just the act of using it can introduce variability in the pressure applied to the edges of the lead, and the angle it is held, causing inaccuracy.