Proper Tung Oil Application?

onocoffee

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The recent discussions about George Nakashima got me interested in the tung oil finishes he reputedly uses. So, for my cherry side table build, I picked up some Wood River tung oil and have applied it liberally to the piece. My understanding is to apply liberally, wait a little while, wipe off excess and then reapply and wipe as necessary. Then wait 72 hours for it to cure before reapplying?

How many reapplications do I need? And is there a "look" that will tell me that it's "done"?

Thanks
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If it's pure and not a pre-mixed one, be warned that Tung Oil takes forever to dry and cure. I normally mix 50/50 with citrine, wipe on, and then 30mins or so later wipe off, then a few days later same again. After I've done that several times then I'll go to a 100% coat.

The thicker it goes on, the longer it takes to cure. Thinner coats to start with make it easier.

And as with any oil finish, buffing the coats on with a white scotchbrite or similar mesh pad gives really awesome results.

 
First, here's a note on the Nakashima Woodworkers site about caring for your piece:https://nakashimawoodworkers.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Notes-On-Care-2018.pdf

If your piece is looking dry and worn after several years of heavy use, it may be time to renew your oil finish. If you wish to try this yourself, we recommend using Sutherland Welles Tung Oil Wiping Varnish / High Luster, making sure it is applied in a well-ventilated location.

That said, Sutherland Welles just started in 1965. None of the pieces I have (from the 1960s and 1970s) are finished with a wiping varnish, certainly not a high luster. They have always been matte, maybe eggshell at most, so I suspect they are pure tung oil finished. Sutherland Welles doesn't sell pure tung oil (but it is available from a number of places, including even Amazon), but they do sell Polymerized Tung Oil, which I think is boiled to help it dry and build faster. I think a wiping varnish would have been too glossy for George, but obviously Mira should know best. I do think maybe she's just responding to what clients want (shiner) and finding a product that's easy to apply and dries pretty quickly.

I've used a lot of pure tung oil on a wood called Narra, which is like Padauk in that it's dark and slightly oily itself. With pure tung oil, sand as high as you want (more for higher sheen) then apply it and keep it barely wet for a while - like 30 minutes. Then wipe off any excess and let it dry. That will take a while. Like at least 3 days. I've found that I often can put a second coat on in only a day or two, but it doesn't really build unless the first coat is dry.

Maybe sacrilege, but I've recently started using Odie's Oil with great results. You apply the same way: rub it on, let it sit, keeping it barely wet, for at least 30 minutes (60-90 seems best) then rub all the excess off. Then a few days later apply a second coat if you want. Odie's seems to build faster for me and two coats does the trick for indoor stuff while with pure tung oil I would go for 3 coats. That said, I've done 1 one with pure tung for some things (baby rattles) in the past with good results. Depends on what you want.

I find that Odie's dries faster and harder than pure tung, but the depth and sheen are about the same, maybe even better with Odies. That said, I'm using darkish woods - light woods like maple might be a different story than Cherry and Narra.

As for "what look is done" - that's up to your personal preference. I like to barely have some sheen, but anything that could be called shiny is too much for me. Others may not think it's "done" until it's somewhat shiny. Heck, I used a resin/oil finish on my wood floors, and had to get the matte version since everything else was too shiny. I used that floor finish (Sutherland Welles' "Murdochs") on the wood fronts of my new dishwasher and it turned out great and I think will hold up better than the low-luster tung oil wiping varnish I previously used.

For my upcoming desk, I'm planning on using Odies.

EDIT: [member=75933]luvmytoolz[/member] is right that pure tung oil takes a really long time to completely dry. The 3 days I mentioned above is for recoating, and longer is indeed better if you have the time. I would not try to have thick coats with pure tung oil - you have to wipe off whatever hasn't soaked into the wood if you don't want shiny spots as it dries. Thick coats not only take longer to dry, they don't have any real strength. And even with thin coats you're not going to get a thickish build of any quality. You need a resin in the finish to get some build I think.
 
I applied Waterlox finish, which claims to be 100% pure tung oil, according to the instructions on the can, to the floor of a rarely used guest room.

Application was easy.  Dried overnight.  Lightly scuffed, and a second coat applied.

A nice warm, glossy finish.  I had fans running in the room 24/7 for a couple of weeks, and it was about 3 weeks before I returned the small rug to the room and then the furniture.

And nearly 30 years later, it still looks great.  But…but, in those 30 years, I would guess it had less than one month’s usage.  In other words, I spent more time sanding and applying the finish than using the room.

Take from this:  Application went smoothly.  I allowed plenty of cure time, but not exceptional drying time.  And no claims for durability as it almost never gets used.
 
[member=77266]smorgasbord[/member] I'm loving using Odie's various finishes with really nice results in my testing so far, and plan to expand on it's use.

Unless you're a purist I'd recommend Odie's over pure Tung Oil for most applications, unless time is of no consequence.
 
luvmytoolz said:
If it's pure and not a pre-mixed one, be warned that Tung Oil takes forever to dry and cure. I normally mix 50/50 with citrine, wipe on, and then 30mins or so later wipe off, then a few days later same again. After I've done that several times then I'll go to a 100% coat.

The thicker it goes on, the longer it takes to cure. Thinner coats to start with make it easier.

And as with any oil finish, buffing the coats on with a white scotchbrite or similar mesh pad gives really awesome results.

I have done the same, also experimenting with Mineral Spirits as the solvent. Either works, the Citrine smells better [big grin]
The works with Linseed Oil too. It is slightly lighter than Tung Oil, but does take on some color over time.
Lately, I have been messing with Oil and Wax blends, using Linseed Oil. That's mostly because it's what I have on-hand.
 
[member=58857]Crazyraceguy[/member] From memory I've never used BLO but have used raw linseed oil on various projects as well as to finish a cedar bookcase that time taken was of no concern, and ended up with an amazing finish which to be honest really wasn't worth the time and effort compared to just using a Danish Oil, which became my go to finish for almost all woodwork unless it was in heavy sun as it darkens so much.

Cabot's Danish Oil is my favourite finish by far, but the fact it gells so quickly in the can makes it very expensive. I now use Organoil Danish Oil which goes on thinner, but dries fast and never, ever dries or gells in the can!

For most projects I've since jumped onto Osmo PolyX with great results, and Odie's which I think is pretty sensational so far.
 
Thank you all, I appreciate the tips. Totally forgot about the white abrasives. I'll do that on the next coat.

I've been using my projects lately to try out different finishes. Prior to this past year, I really had only used Waterlox on the bar top for the cafe side of my coffee roastery. On Padauk, that has worked excellently repelling any liquid I threw at it.

Recently, as I've been building out my shop, I've been using different finishes to see how they perform and get some experience with them. So far, I've used Osmo Polyx, Tried and True Original, Howard Restore A Finish, Howard Cutting Board Oil, Howard Butcher Block, General High Performance, General Water Stain, TransTint dyes and now the tung oil, but since I haven't used Rubio Monocoat, I don't think I'll earn respect as a YouTuber...

I'm finding that I don't mind the yellowing of most of these finishes for a lot of applications, but for others I would like something clear, like the High Performance. A friend recommended I try Mohawk Rockhard Table Top Urethane for clear coating, but I haven't gotten to that project yet.

In the case of this table and the tung oil, time is not of the essence so I don't mind waiting. Plus I find it instructional.

And [member=77266]smorgasbord[/member] Thanks! I was really excited to find that section of board with the knot and hole. Thought it would make it interesting. And I got it from a sawyer I met recently who is only two miles from me and harvest trees on his property, so it's very local.
 
[member=75933]luvmytoolz[/member] "Danish Oil" is just each manufacturer's particular blend of Oils and solvents, though some do include a little varnish. However, varnishes are more of a "coating" than straight oils. The oil/solvent blends penetrate and harden inside the wood fibers, while varnishes are film finishes, which sit on top. That varnish could be one of several resins.
The portion of the blend that wants to sit on top may be the reason you like it. It "fills" the grain better and leaves a more "sealed" feeling finish.
Most of the Danish Oils I have seen are a blend of Linseed Oil and Tung Oil, thinned with Mineral Spirits and some kind of varnish. (there may be some kind of driers too, depending on brand)
So, I guess it's just a generic term that covers a group of finishes, with no real hard and fast rules as to what qualifies? Are we, in effect, creating our own Danish Oil by diluting the Linseed/Tung with solvent, rather than pure/straight from the can? Seems that way.

I got into mixing my own after trying and loving "Tried & True" original. It's nowhere as spendy as Rubio or Osmo, but I still felt like I could make my own for far less. Plus, it is kind of fun to experiment. 
 
As a side note, Bob Flexner's excellent book on Understanding Wood Finishes can help weed through the hype, and flat out lies, that we as Woodworkers and DIY/Pros get handed by marketing on Finishes.
 
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