I have been using my CT 33/5 gal bucket/WoodCraft cyclone lid (same setup shown above) now since my previous posts in this discussion. I still find it stisfactory, altho i have discovered there to be a slight falloff of vacuum at the tool end. I think this is more related to an increase in voluum created by use of the bucket, extra fittings involved (See Bru's setup which is exactly same as mine without the framework),and the added length of hose used between the vac and tool.
With the changes in air flow direction coupled with all of those other factors, there is a slight drop in vac. with hand type inspection, i cannot locate any air leaks. From my years as Vol Fireman, i know there is dropoff of water pressure between pump and nozzle. The drop off is calculable by factoring size of hose, pressure at pump, type of fittings, number of fittings, size of hoze, length of hose, size of nozzle and type of nozzle. I assume that all of these factors can be found somewhere to calculate vacuum drop off from tool to vac. just figure backwards. i do not have the figures i learned as VF, nor do I have the formulae anywhere I can get ahold of them right away.
Without the cyclone, but with direct hookup to my router/ATF 55, there is a little more debris left on my MFT and floor than with the cyclone. When sanding, i have not been using a mask for most work as i could not discern any noticable dust in the air. For the past month, i have been battling one of those head & throat colds that just does not want to leave. I am doing several small projects in my shop where, when i sand, the is not a complete marriage of sanding paper (RO 150, LS 130 and in smaller areas too small for the Deltex, i have used the Fein MT) to wood, I am noticing a whole lot more fine dust agrevating my condition. If i make direct hook up (bypassing the cyclone) I do not seem to get quite so much dust to agrevate my condition. Either way, there is no visible dust in the air, but I am prooving to myself that there is, indeed, more dust not being sucked up when using the cyclone.
My next step will be to install a 36m hose from cyclone to tool with a short section of 27mm at tool end of the larger hose to run my ATF 55, both routers and my sanders. This may cut down on vac pressure loss while keeping air velocity equal at the tool. I have tried using Fernco fittings at tool end with the 36mm hoe, but this is too clumsey to be of value.
Oh yes, even with all of that extra dust described above, my wife tells me I am still sweet & lovable :

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I am still using my 30 gal bucket attached to cyclone lid with short 4" vac hose to my planer and about 16' of 4" hose from lid to larger PennState vac. The lid does not fit properly, but there is still enough vacuum to handle 99% of the chips, none f which are reaching the vac. This is, for my work, totally satisfactory as I will probably never find it necessary to remove and reset the bag on that PennState vac. That is the biggest PITA in my shop.
Tinker