I am no Engineer and not an expert by any means but I have both so let me give it a shot. The router guides will work on your table saw. There have been a number of posts lately showing exactly that. The router guides are smaller and have a smaller capacity. Both types of Jessem guides perform the same functions, they pull the material into the fence, they hold it down and they prevent it from going back the way it came.
The simple difference is capacity and flexibility. The router guides limit the thickness of the piece according to how high on the fence they are mounted. The TS guides swing out from their mounting position on top of the fence and by the nature of their design and their size that can hold down a much thicker workpiece.
The more complicated difference is the inherent power of a Table Saw vs. a Router Table and what it takes to hold back a kickback event. The TS guides have larger rollers and so I am sure that the one way device inside that wheel is probably stronger than the router guides and therefore able to do the job it is designed for on the machine it was designed to operate on.
So for me the bottom line is that I (personally for me) would be totally comfortable with the router guides working on a Table Saw for smaller work. Larger work, however, would make me a little more hesitant, ie. if I was pushing 4’ x 8’ sheets of 3/4” ply through my Table Saw I would probably want the larger guides and the greater holding power and capacity that they bring.
I hope that this helps!