IF it's a threaded chuck which is appears to be in the exploded parts diagram below I believe
you would insert the end of the chuck key handle into the pilot hole in the chuck. It should be
a RH thread. I looked at an online parts depot which has detail photos of each part. The motor
adapter clearly shows the threads that the chuck threads on to and they appear to be RH threads.
Both the Delta 14-650 and the 14-651 use the same motor shaft adapter from what I could find.
https://www.ereplacementparts.com/adapter-p-88532.html
If you look at the photo of the adapter at the link above you will notice it has two flats for a wrench.
You'd have to hold the motor shaft from turning to be able to get this adapter off the motor shaft.
For additional leverage you could use a steel rod of the correct diameter but if you go undersize
you risk deforming the key hole and you will be reminded of this choice every time you change a
bit. You probably have a drill bit that will fit snugly but you will (not might) bend the bit and ruin it
so pick something else or use a dull bit you've been telling yourself to sharpen for the past 10 years.