One can get rather technical, but to help the original poster.....
I try to visualise lengths and sizes in everyday terms, so understanding that you know feet and inches already......in simple terms...and everyday usage...
1 foot or 12 inches = 300 millimetres approx (mm's), give or take a few mm's. 300 millimetres is also 30cm's "centremetres".
10mm = 1cm.
100mm =10cm.
1000mm is 1 Metre.
Metres are used in metric when sizes are getting large, say to describe a deck area e.g. 6 x 3 metres. You'd be used to saying it in feet and inches.
1 inch approx 25mm (25.4 to be precise).
4 inches = 100mm approx
6 inches = 125mm approx
A 2x4 piece of lumber is 50 x 100mm
A 2x 6 is 50 x 125mm
A sheet of ply 4' x 8' = 1200 x 2400mm
I have just given approx final measurements so not down to the last mm, but rather to enable one to grasp a size mentally and understand the dimensions someone is talking about.
Just those above will quite likely get you through most everyday tasks until you get a feel for it. The hardest part is the going back and forth, easier to work only in 1 system.
I forgot some common fractions in imperial use:
1/4" = 6.35mm or 6.4mm
1/8" = 3mm
1/2" = 12.4mm is usually the standard router bit size chose there.
That should do it

Hope this helps and doesn't add to your stress of learning it.