I think it depends on what drill you have. I think all the current generation drills can receive a standard bit without a chuck installed, but I think there were some older drills that didn't. As mrB said, the CXS has a magnet. The T18 actually has a spring detent holder. The only other drill I have is the TI15, and I think it will, but I can't remember for sure.
I've seen some hostility toward Festool concerning the Centrotec and I really can't understand it. Yes it's expensive and there are very few third parties making compatible accessories, but it's an excellent system if you choose to embrace it. That said, you don't necessarily have to completely embrace it. I've had my CXS for 2 years now, and still mainly use standard bits either with no chuck, or in the bit holder. I bought the locking bit holder but have been happy with the basic one.
I will say that I've been a little frustrated with the holder that came with the T18. There's something up with the spring. Sometimes the bit slips right in, but most of the time you have to fiddle with it to get it in. I've been meaning to contact support to see if something can be done. That's the new impact driver, the old holder that came with the CXS has never been a problem.